SPAZIAMO: Revitalizing Locarno through Tactical Urbanism –An interview with Nicolò D'Andrea from the Collettivo Urbano

by Alice Jelmini

Multi-functional, comfortable, inclusive, and accessible public spaces are a key component of urban life, fostering social interactions and making cities more livable (Stagias, 2024). Yet, traditional urban planning practices often face challenges related to slow rates of implementation, with projects taking a significant amount of time to materialize, resulting in residents’ dissatisfaction. This is due to several reasons, including limited budgets dedicated to urban development, constraints on available space, and tedious bureaucratic processes. Although innovative ideas and solutions to enhance public spaces are frequently proposed, they can remain mere visions for extended periods, and as a consequence, many spaces remain unused or underused (Elrahman, 2016), creating urban voids.

As first analyzed by Jane Jacobs in her book “The Death and Life of Great American Cities”, urban voids can be described as areas within a city whose designs and functions have not yet been defined, failing to fulfil any concrete function within the urban systems and therefore representing gaps in the city fabric (Jacobs, 1961).

It is therefore important to adopt alternative approaches that can support traditional urban planning, ensuring that these essential aspects of public spaces are created and maintained. In this regard, Tactical Urbanism (TU) emerges as an effective solution, as it can quicken the process and fill by adopting a phased and responsive approach (Lydon & Garcia, 2015).

TU is a form of urban regeneration that aims to improve public spaces through punctual, temporary, low-cost and experimental interventions that can be quickly implemented, dismantled, and adjusted (Collettivo Urbano, 2024). This approach allows cities to quickly and affordably test new ideas and gather feedback from citizens before committing to larger, more permanent (Lydon & Garcia, 2015).

The approach has been successfully implemented in various cities in Europe, from Milan with the Piazze Aperte initiative, to Barcelona, where TU is complementing the Superblocks. Another smaller-case and example is the SPAZIAMO initiative, taking place in Largo Zorzi. The area (see figure below) is situated in Locarno, municipality in the Italian part of Switzerland, known for its beautiful landscapes and growing tourism. Locarno has the largest number of public spaces in the Canton (Swiss equivalent of an administrative region), yet some of them, particularly in Largo Zorzi, remain underused, despite their strong potential for social interaction and community events. While elaborate planning narratives and actions have been established for the city, following the “2040 vision,” there remains a significant gap between the present state of public spaces and the plans set for 2040 (D’Andrea, 2024).

Figure 1: Largo Zorzi area. Image from The Swiss Search Engine

This is why the Collettivo Urbano (Urban Collective), a group of four young professionals based in the city, had the idea to develop SPAZIAMO, (combining “spazio” (space) and “agiamo” (let’s act!)), a TU initiative meant to enhance the urban void in Largo Zorzi for the benefits of the public.

The project was developed with the goal of activating and revitalizing the public space so that it can reach its full potential. From this premise, an important collaboration emerged between the Collettivo Urbano and the municipality of Locarno, which responded positively to the initiative and provided full support. The project will be developed gradually over the next three years, in anticipation of a more definitive redevelopment plan that is set to begin in five years.

We recently had the opportunity to discuss the SPAZIAMO project with Nicolò D’Andrea, an urban and spatial planner based in Locarno and member of the Collettivo Urbano.

The interview was originally held in Italian, and translated to English afterwards.

Photo by Collettivo Urbano | 2024

WHAT IS THE COLLETTIVO URBANO AND WHAT IS ITS MISSION?

The Collettivo Urbano is a group of four young professionals —Georgina Cavalli, Alex Furgiuele, Jordan Kouto and me—, respectively an architect, graphic designer, construction technician, and spatial planner, with a shared passion for urbanism and public spaces regeneration.

Our mission is to act in public spaces with the intention of enhancing and valorizing the existing urban voids that are unused or underused, for the benefits of the citizens. Our actions address primarily the people that live in the city, providing them with spaces for aggregation and recreation, with the goal of addressing their needs and preferences. We achieve this through initiatives of tactical urbanism, meant as a design method complementary to the development policies and plans. This approach gives us the possibility to test solutions that are low-cost, temporary, creative and impactful, and where citizens are involved.

HOW DID SPAZIAMO EMERGE?

SPAZIAMO emerged as a proactive solution for Largo Zorzi, where a long-term redevelopment plan named the Nouvelle Belle Époque is set to be implemented in five years. Rather than leaving the space unused during this period, we decided to create a project to occupy, activate, and give the space back to the people. The street was merely a space for movement, where citizens crossed on sidewalks, rather than a place for public gathering and social interactions.

Our goal was therefore to fill the void and accompany the more permanent, long-term changes that will come with the Nouvelle Belle Époque. The message I wanted to convey is that we shouldn’t wait many years if we can act in the short term and test the ground. This approach is beneficial because, through SPAZIAMO, we allow people to get used to and rediscover the idea of public space. Considering these benefits, the municipality of Locarno approved the project and gave us full support, resulting in a key collaboration and in the development of SPAZIAMO.

HOW IS SPAZIAMO DEVELOPING IN LOCARNO?

SPAZIAMO is a three-year project that began in November 2023 and has been developing gradually through different stages.

The first phase focused on painting the road surface, aiming to change people’s perception of the space, make them aware of its existence, and invite them to stop and engage. The choice of colors was intentional, but the theme chosen for the painting —digital clouds, as we decided to call them— was even more significant. These “clouds” symbolize the containers of our digital messages and represent communication in our digital era. So, we took this symbol to say that we no longer want people to communicate exclusively via digital means but also face-to-face, within public spaces.

And painting the clouds on something tangible and highly trafficked meant, symbolically, to bring back the conversations and the exchanges to a space that belongs to everybody.

Once the painting of the street was concluded, the second phase began with the installation of multifunctional structures, to encourage people to stop, rediscover and interact with each other and the space in Largo Zorzi.

An exhibition space was created, complete with benches meant to provide additional seating available, and to encourage people to stop, sit on and use the space, even if in a more passive way. This installation place serves then a dual purpose: offering seating and creating a structure for small exhibitions, which display ongoing urban projects and inform about current initiatives. Additionally, a bowls court for pétanque was installed, and while it might seem a trivial idea, it is actually something that unites people of all ages, and it has had an immediate positive effect. The final addition is a basketball court with three baskets of different heights, to accommodate all players of all ages and skill levels.

All these structures were designed and built in collaboration with local artisans, using low-cost construction materials that are easily reusable, which, despite their simplicity, have a strong visual impact. This approach not only keeps costs down but also emphasizes the temporary, creative and experimental nature of tactical urbanism. The approach was also intended to convince the municipality that such initiatives are feasible since they can be easily assembled and dismantled, according to people’s preferences, and also relocated to other public spaces in the city, to ensure continuity to the project. We are continually evaluating whether the structures attract and engage people, and are always ready to adapt and change as needed.

Photo by Collettivo Urbano | 2024

HOW ARE THE PEOPLE OF LOCARNO REACTING TO SPAZIAMO?

The perception of public space among the people in Locarno has been quite revealing. Before the project, it almost felt as if people needed permission from above to engage in public spaces, as they aren’t used to taking ownership of these areas. This was quite interesting to observe and guided our approach with SPAZIAMO.

We launched SPAZIAMO with this knowledge in mind, aiming to change this mindset by providing more reasons for people to return to the space, stop, engage and interact. However, the first phase alone did not achieve the desired effect. People continued to walk on the sidewalks without stopping or acknowledging the space. Many still asked, “Where do the cars go now?” even though cars and buses had not been allowed to pass through the area for the last two years. This indicated that, in people’s perception, it was still a place for vehicles rather than a public space for engagement.

With the second phase, the situation has improved. The installation of multifunctional structures has encouraged people to stop and interact. Although it takes time, we are now seeing a positive change. Many now stop in the street, utilizing the space as intended and engaging more with their surroundings.

IS THERE A COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT PROCESS IN PLACE? ARE THE PEOPLE IN LOCARNO GETTING INVOLVED?

Ensuring community involvement is key to the success of interventions like SPAZIAMO, as it ensures that the diverse needs and perspectives of the population are considered. This engagement raises interest and participation, leading to more sustainable and long-lasting impacts. However, the participatory process needs to be well organized; if not done well, it leads to nothing.

Before we dismantle the installations for the summer events, such as the Locarno Film Festival and Moon and Stars, our idea is to interview people to gather their opinions on the space. We will ask if they liked it, if they want the installations to stay longer, and what other activities they would like to see. This feedback will then be presented to the municipality, probably at the end of the summer, and based on that we will then adapt our approach for the next years.

As for now, we have tried to identify various actors in the city to get involved, with schools being a key focus. The Collettivo Urbano is in contact with local schools, presenting the project and discussing how to better involve students in SPAZIAMO. Some ideas are emerging, such as having messages developed by the kids on important topics to be displayed inside the clouds, or organizing workshops and exhibitions with the students. This co-creation of ideas will be developed and implemented after the summer, ensuring that the project evolves with community input.

WHAT ARE THE GOALS OF THE COLLETTIVO URBANO FOR THE COMING YEARS? ANY FUTURE PROJECTS?

We have recently worked with local children on a creative project that aimed to paint benches in another area in Ticino. For the next years, we are constantly looking for new possibilities to enhance public spaces by analyzing them and providing more accurate planning following TU principles, and to act as external consultants.

While we are exploring potential collaborations with other municipalities, for now our focus remains on local initiatives. We believe there are plenty of opportunities here, and we aim to make a localized, positive impact through our TU projects.

To sum up: SPAZIAMO has brought a positive impact to Largo Zorzi, benefiting both the residents of Locarno and the municipality. The TU initiative by the Collettivo Urbano serves as a design strategy that can complement the existing development policy of the “Nouvelle Belle Époque” in Locarno that is set to begin in 5 years. By allowing the piloting of new structures and ideas before committing to the larger project, it ensures a more responsive and impactful urban approach. The initiative has also enabled a collaboration between the municipality and the collective, as well as participation of the residents, providing an opportunity for discussing the current and future use of Largo Zorzi.

LOOKING FORWARD – INTEGRATING TU INTERVENTIONS INTO THE TRADITIONAL URBAN PLANNING PRACTICE

AN INNOVATIVE APPROACH FOR PLANNERS

Tactical Urbanism can offer several important benefits and serve as a catalyst for positive change. Tactical Urbanism initiatives have strong potential to contribute to traditional urban planning practices. TU provides a more dynamic and responsive approach for planners to address urban planning challenges by enabling quicker, more flexible and affordable interventions. In this regard, TU serves as a design strategy that can complement existing development policies, allowing the piloting of new ideas before committing to larger projects.

Mobility and the way public spaces are experienced are often deeply rooted in people’s minds and habits, forming mental “infrastructures” that can be difficult to change (López et al., 2020). Therefore, planners should leverage on TU initiatives as they support gradual change, and help effectively bring about lasting and positive transformation of the public space and the way it is used.

TU initiatives provide opportunities for collaboration between municipalities, urban practitioners, and the community. TU initiatives also allow residents to participate directly in the use and shaping of the public space, ensuring they meet their needs and preferences (Lydon & Garcia, 2015). This fosters a more democratic process of public-space building (Stagias, 2024), which is essential for understanding, exploring and discussing the future of the public space. This collaborative approach is key for developing multifunctional, inclusive, and well-managed spaces (Child in the City, 2024), fostering a sense of ownership and engagement crucial for long-term success. Additionally, by engaging the local community, TU offers the possibility for local creativity and art to be incorporated into public spaces (Stagias, 2024), enriching the urban environment and strengthening the cultural and artistic identity of the area.

However, to ensure an equitable urban transformation that is sustainable in the long-term, some key aspects must be considered for TU initiatives.

KEY FACTORS TO ADDRESS FOR SUCCESSFUL TU INITIATIVES

TU initiatives can play a key role in developing gender-informed and inclusive public spaces, yet they need to establish and ensure widespread, inclusive processes (Cosgrove, 2024). To do so, these initiatives need to reach all citizens, and address the needs of all community members, including women and girls, as well as individuals who are not cisgender white men. This way TU can help design public spaces that are safe, equitable, accessible and enjoyable for everyone, avoiding the production of beneficial outcomes for only a specific socio-economic group.

TU initiatives should ensure that the root issues of urban development in the area are addressed and continued to be addressed also after the end of the project, through ongoing advocacy and participation in city planning processes (Cosgrove, 2024).

Additionally, urban practitioners should integrate quantitative and qualitative research to collect, validate and disseminate within the municipality the positive effects of TU initiatives and the lessons learned (Cosgrove, 2024). This would further support the development of more adequate urban interventions.

In sum, building upon the demonstrated benefits of TU, and following the positive example of SPAZIAMO, cities and urban planners should actively support the integration of TU initiatives as key strategies for more effective and inclusive transformation of public spaces that remains successful in the long-term.

“Anyone can carry out a TU intervention, and I invite anyone who has the capacity and the sensitivity to take action for this. We need to reverse the paradigm and make sure we transform car-dominated cities into inclusive, functional and community-oriented spaces” (D’Andrea, 2024).

Photo by Collettivo Urbano | 2024

Photos by Collettivo Urbano | 2024

References

Abd Elrahman, A. S. (2016). Tactical Urbanism “A pop-up Local change for Cairo’s built environment”. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 216, 224-235

Barcelona City Council. Barcelona Superblocks.
https://www.barcelona.cat/pla-superilla-barcelona/mapa/en/#a_0__&

Child in the City. (2024). Making public spaces better for children: A new blog series. Child in the City. https://www.childinthecity.org/2024/01/09/making-public-spaces-better-for-children-a-new-blog-series/?gdpr=accept

Collettivo Urbano. (2024). Chi siamo e cosa fa il Collettivo Urbano. LinkedIn. https://www.linkedin.com/posts/collettivo-urbano_chi-siamo-e-cosa-fa-il-collettivo-urbano-activity-7134910913500831744-Tiuw?utm_source=share&utm_medium=member_desktop

Comune di Milano. (2023). Piazze Aperte: A Public Space Program for Milan https://www.comune.milano.it/en/aree-tematiche/quartieri/piano-quartieri/piazze-aperte

Jacobs, J. (1961). The death and life of great American cities. Random House.

Jed Cosgrove. (2024). Exploring the Rising Movement of Tactical Urbanism. Insights.
https://insights.grcglobalgroup.com/exploring-the-rising-movement-of-tactical-urbanism/

Locarno Film Festival
https://www.locarnofestival.ch/home.html

López, I., Ortega, J., & Pardo, M. (2020). Mobility infrastructures in cities and climate change: an analysis through the superblocks in Barcelona. Atmosphere11(4), 410.

Lydon, M., Garcia, A., Lydon, M., & Garcia, A. (2015). A tactical urbanism how-to (pp. 171-208). Island Press/Center for Resource Economics.

Moon & Stars Locarno
https://moonandstars.ch/de

Pmax. (2024). La Nouvelle Belle Époque Presentation.
https://www.locarno.ch/files/documenti/Presentazione_PMax_LNBE_27-03-2024.pdf

Stagias, A. (2024). Evaluating tactical urbanism initiatives through the prism of placemaking: A case study on Milan’s” Piazze Aperte”.

Webb, D. (2018). Tactical urbanism: Delineating a critical praxis. Planning theory & practice, 19(1), 58-73.

Abd Elrahman, A. S. (2016). Tactical Urbanism “A pop-up Local change for Cairo’s built environment”. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 216, 224-235

Barcelona City Council. Barcelona Superblocks.
https://www.barcelona.cat/pla-superilla-barcelona/mapa/en/#a_0__&

Child in the City. (2024). Making public spaces better for children: A new blog series. Child in the City. https://www.childinthecity.org/2024/01/09/making-public-spaces-better-for-children-a-new-blog-series/?gdpr=accept

Collettivo Urbano. (2024). Chi siamo e cosa fa il Collettivo Urbano. LinkedIn. https://www.linkedin.com/posts/collettivo-urbano_chi-siamo-e-cosa-fa-il-collettivo-urbano-activity-7134910913500831744-Tiuw?utm_source=share&utm_medium=member_desktop

Comune di Milano. (2023). Piazze Aperte: A Public Space Program for Milan https://www.comune.milano.it/en/aree-tematiche/quartieri/piano-quartieri/piazze-aperte

Jacobs, J. (1961). The death and life of great American cities. Random House.

Jed Cosgrove. (2024). Exploring the Rising Movement of Tactical Urbanism. Insights.
https://insights.grcglobalgroup.com/exploring-the-rising-movement-of-tactical-urbanism/

Locarno Film Festival
https://www.locarnofestival.ch/home.html

López, I., Ortega, J., & Pardo, M. (2020). Mobility infrastructures in cities and climate change: an analysis through the superblocks in Barcelona. Atmosphere11(4), 410.

Lydon, M., Garcia, A., Lydon, M., & Garcia, A. (2015). A tactical urbanism how-to (pp. 171-208). Island Press/Center for Resource Economics.

Moon & Stars Locarno
https://moonandstars.ch/de

Pmax. (2024). La Nouvelle Belle Époque Presentation.
https://www.locarno.ch/files/documenti/Presentazione_PMax_LNBE_27-03-2024.pdf

Stagias, A. (2024). Evaluating tactical urbanism initiatives through the prism of placemaking: A case study on Milan’s” Piazze Aperte”.

Webb, D. (2018). Tactical urbanism: Delineating a critical praxis. Planning theory & practice, 19(1), 58-73.